--------------------------------------------------------------------- T H E G A R Y N U M A N D I G E S T (by subscription only - to unsubscribe, see bottom of this message) --------------------------------------------------------------------- (#2002-3) - Topics This Issue: 1) NUMA 2) Sugababes ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 13 Mar 2002 09:09:40 +0300 From: "The Tik-Tok Man" Subject: NUMA NUMA lives in another form! NUMA NUMA (non-uniform memory access) is a method of configuring a cluster of microprocessor in a multiprocessing system so that they can share memory locally, improving performance and the ability of the system to be expanded. NUMA is used in a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) system. An SMP system is a "tightly-coupled," "share everything" system in which multiple processors working under a single operating system access each other's memory over a common bus or "interconnect" path. Ordinarily, a limitation of SMP is that as microprocessors are added, the shared bus or data path get overloaded and becomes a performance bottleneck. NUMA adds an intermediate level of memory shared among a few microprocessors so that all data accesses don't have to travel on the main bus. NUMA can be thought of as a "cluster in a box." The cluster typically consists of four microprocessors (for example, four Pentium microprocessors) interconnected on a local bus (for example, a Peripheral Component Interconnect bus) to a shared memory (called an "L3 cache") on a single motherboard (it could also probably be referred to as a card). This unit can be added to similar units to form a symmetric multiprocessing system in which a common SMP bus interconnects all of the clusters. Such a system typically contains from 16 to 256 microprocessors. To an application program running in an SMP system, all the individual processor memories look like a single memory. When a processor looks for data at a certain memory address, it first looks in the L1 cache on the microprocessor itself, then on a somewhat larger L1 and L2 cache chip nearby, and then on a third level of cache that the NUMA configuration provides before seeking the data in the "remote memory" located near the other microprocessors. Each of these clusters is viewed by NUMA as a "node" in the interconnection network. NUMA maintains a hierarchical view of the data on all the nodes. Data is moved on the bus between the clusters of a NUMA SMP system using scalable coherent interface (SCI) technology. SCI coordinates what is called "cache coherence" or consistency across the nodes of the multiple clusters. SMP and NUMA systems are typically used for applications such as data mining and decision support system in which processing can be parceled out to a number of processors that collectively work on a common database. Sequent, Data General, and NCR are among companies that produce NUMA SMP systems. _________________________________________________________________ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp. ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 13 Mar 2002 23:18:15 -0000 From: "dryad" Subject: OT: Sugababes Hey, the new Sugababes tune, Good For Me, contains a kick ass sample from....DiTP? I only caught the tail end of the video, but whatever the sample is, it's from Replicas Dryad, who likes the Sugababes, even though they are a girl band - at least they make interesting music 'If I die, I shall forgive you. If I recover, we shall see.' Spanish Proverb http://www.puritycontrol.co.uk - The Grove, XF rec's, updated 03/06/02 ------------------------------ End digest@GaryNuman.Info Digest [03/13/2002 18:01] --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- T H E G A R Y N U M A N D I G E S T is produced, moderated, and distributed by Derek Langsford, Dave Datta, and Joey Lindstrom dlangs@sunstroke.sdsu.edu, davdat@allmusic.com, Joey@GaryNuman.Info ------------------------------------------------------------------- To reply to the messages in this list, email: digest@garynuman.info If you want to be removed, or someone wants to be added, email: listserv@GaryNuman.info and include this line as the first line of your message body: SUBSCRIBE digest@garynuman.info (email address) or UNSUBSCRIBE digest@garynuman.info (email address) (email address is optional but useful if you have multiple addresses) If you want to switch between receiving Digests or individual posts, again send to listserv@GaryNuman.Info and include either of these in your message body: NORMAL digest@garynuman.info or DIGEST digest@garynuman.info ------------------------------------------------------------------ Please note: this mailing list is configured to automatically unsubscribe you if mail to your mailbox goes undeliverable for any reason. 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